北京邮电大学 计算机学院 离散数学 2.6-matrices-2014.ppt

College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Yang Juan yangjuan@bupt.edu.cn College of Computer Science Technology Beijing University of Posts Telecommunications Matrices（矩阵） * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT §2.6 Matrices A matrix is a rectangular array of objects (usually numbers). An m?n (“m by n”) matrix has exactly m horizontal rows, and n vertical columns. Plural of matrix = matrices (say MAY-trih-sees) An n?n matrix is called a square matrix,whose order or rank is n. a 3?2 matrix Note: The singular formof “matrices” is “matrix,”not “MAY-trih-see”! * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Applications of Matrices Tons of applications, including: Solving systems of linear equations Computer Graphics, Image Processing Models within many areas of Computational Science Engineering Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computing Many, many more… * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Matrix Equality Two matrices A and B are considered equal iff they have the same number of rows, the same number of columns, and all their corresponding elements are equal. * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Row and Column Order The rows in a matrix are usually indexed 1 to m from top to bottom. The columns are usually indexed 1 to n from left to right. Elements are indexed by row, then column. * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Matrices as Functions An m?n matrix A = [ai,j] of members of a set S can be encoded as a partial function  fA: N?N→S, such that for im, jn, fA(i, j) = ai,j. By extending the domain over which fA is defined, various types of infinite and/or multidimensional matrices can be obtained. * * College of Computer Science Technology, BUPT Matrix Sums The sum A+B of two matrices A, B (which must have the same number of rows, and the same number of columns) is the matrix (also with the same shape) given by adding corresponding elements of A and B. A+B = [ai,j+bi,j] * * College of