专升本语法大全.docVIP

专升本考试语法备考考点 通过2002-2010专升本真题统计得出，语法考点依次重点为： 从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、情态动词 形容词和副词、动词时态、动词语态、介词、倒装、独立主格、it用法、主谓一致、反义疑问句等 专升本必考重点语法一 定语从句 一、定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。 1.关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whose作定语。 代人的有：who,whom,whose,that； 代物的有：that,which,whose. 例如：The man who helped you is Mr White. (who代人，在定语从句中作主语)?That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see. (whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)? ?I’m not the fool(that) you thought me to be. (that代人，在定从中作表语)?A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words (which或that代物，在定从中作主语) 2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk? (when可省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。 例如：We’ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。 非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping’s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry. He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics. (as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which) 三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1．只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1）? ? 当先行词既包括人又包括物时： He talked about the men and the books that attracted?him.2）? 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时： These are the very points that interest me./That’s the only watch that I like most.3）? 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4）? 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时： There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everythi