一篇经济类英文论文(含中文翻译).docx

The Problem of Social Cost社会成本问题RONALD COASE罗纳德·科斯Ronald Coase is Professor Emeritus at University of Chicago LawSchool and a Nobel Laureate in Economics. This article is fromThe Journal of Law and Economics (October 1960). Several passagesdevoted to extended discussions of legal decisions have been omitted.罗纳德·科斯在芝加哥大学法学院名誉教授和诺贝尔经济学奖得主。本文是其外法学与经济学杂志（1960年10月）。专门的法律问题的决定的延伸讨论的几个段落已被省略。THE PROBLEM TO BE EXAMINEDThis paper is concerned with those actions of business firms which have harm-ful effects on others. The standard example is that of a factory the smokefrom which has harmful effects on those occupying neighbouring properties.The economic analysis of such a situation has usually proceeded in terms ofa divergence between the private and social product of the factory, in whicheconomists have largely followed the treatment of Pigou in The Economies ofWelfare. The conclusion to which this kind of analysis seems to have led mosteconomists is that it would be desirable to make the owner of the factory li-able for the damage caused to those injured by the smoke, or alternatively, toplace a tax on the factory owner varying with the amount of smoke producedand equivalent in money terms to the damage it would cause, or finally, toexclude the factory from residential districts (and presumably from other areasin which the emission of smoke would have harmful effects on others). It is mycontention that the suggested courses of action are inappropriate, in that theylead to results which are not necessarily, or even usually, desirable. 一、要检查的问题本文关注的是这些行动的企业有伤害他人有用的影响。标准的例子是，一个工厂的烟雾从那些占领邻近物业的有害影响。在这种情况下的经济分析，通常已在工厂的私人和社会产品之间的分歧方面着手，在经济学家们基本上遵循治疗庇古福利经济。这种分析的结论，似乎使大多数经济学家是工厂里的烟雾，或者受伤的人造成的损害能够使雇主，这将是可取的，上放置一个税在金钱方面的损害，或最后，它会导致排除住宅区（大概是从其他地区排放的烟雾将有对他人有害影响）工厂厂主不同的金额产生的烟雾，相当于。行动的建议的课程是不合适的，因为它们导致的结果是不一定，甚至是通常情况下，可取的，它是我的论点。THE RECIPROCAL NATURE OF THE PROBLEMThe traditional approach has tended to obscure the nature of the choice thathas to be made. The question is commonly thought o