中英文文献翻译-液压与气动系统.doc

Hydraulic System There are only three basic methods of transmitting power: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power. Most applications actually use a combination of the three methods to obtain the most efficient overall system. To properly determine which principle method to use, it is important to know the salient features of each type. For example, fluid systems can transmit power more economically over greater distances than can mechanical types. However, fluid systems are restricted to shorter distances than are electrical systems. Hydraulic power transmission system are concerned with the generation, modulation, and control of pressure and flow, and in general such systems include: 1.Pumps which convert available power from the prime mover to hydraulic power at the actuator. 2.Valves which control the direction of pump-flow, the level of power produced, and the amount of fluid-flow to the actuators. The power level is determined by controlling both the flow and pressure level. 3.Actuators which convert hydraulic power to usable mechanical power output at the point required. 4.The medium, which is a liquid, provides rigid transmission and control as well as lubrication of components, sealing in valves, and cooling of the system. 5.Connectors which link the various system components, provide power conductors for the fluid under pressure, and fluid flow return to tank (reservoir). 6.Fluid storage and conditioning equipment which ensure sufficient quality and quantity as well as cooling of the fluid. Hydraulic systems are used in industrial applications such as stamping presses, steel mills , and general manufacturing , agricultural machines , mining industry , aviation , space technology , deep-sea exploration ,transportation , marine technology , and offshore gas petroleum exploration . In short, very few people get through a day of their lives without somehow benefiting from the technology of hydraulics. The secret of hydraulic system’s success and wides