2 微生物英文大题.docVIP

Pass内毒素外毒素的主要区别？Endotoxin Excreted by living cells, mainly by G+ bacteria Integral part of G- bacteria cell wall, liberated upon bacteria disintegration polypeptide LPS, main toxic part- lipid A Heat-unstable Heat-stable, 160℃, 2~4hr destroy Strong antigenicity, induce body to produce antitoxin, exotoxin→toxoid Weak antigenicity, can’t convert into toxiod Highly toxic Weakly toxic High selection for tissues: neurotoxin, cytotoxin, enterotoxin Non-specific, all endotoxins produce the same symptoms—fever;leukopenia; endotoxemia and shock; DIC. Structure: A subunit-B subunit. A subunit: toxic part; B subunit: non-toxic, bind receptor of sensitive cell LPS: lipid A, core polysaccharide, specific polysaccharide(O antigen) 2.Pass mechanism of cholera pathogenic:霍乱 Transmission: polluted water and food, by mouth 1)pathogenic factor: flagellum,； coregulated pili;：adherence； zona occludens：exotoxid； siderophore：capture Iron。 cholera enterotoxin: contain A and B subunits. A subunit-Ag weak, active unit, enters the cell, stimulates adenylate cyclase-cAMP↑-secreting effect↑-severe diarrhea; B subunit-Ag high, bound unit, attaches to GM1 ganglioside receptor on epithelial cells of small intestine. 2)mechanism: Organisms-oral route(contaminated water, food)-stomach-attach to the small intestine epithelial cells(non-penetration)-multiplication-cholera enterotoxin- adenylate cyclase-cAMP concentration↑-secreting effect↑-severe diarrhea(rice-water stools)-rapid dehydration and hypovolemic shock低血容量休克- in 12~24 hours. 临床特点：patients may lose as much as 10~15 liters of liquid/day Rapid dehydration and hypovolemia shock低血容量性休克-death Rice-water stools Prevention and treatment: vaccine: dead-bacterial vaccine; live attenuated oral vaccines. Sanitation improve； Improved food handling。 replacement of fluid and electrolytes电解质 Antibiotics: (tetrocyclines) 3.Pass lostridium tetani pathogenesis破伤风 1)regional anaerobic condition: 1.Deep, narrow