The Battle of Bosworth Field(草稿).doc

The Battle of Bosworth Field (or Battle of Bosworth) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the Houses of Lancaster and York that raged across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, by his victory became the first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty. His opponent, Richard III, the last king of the House of York, was killed in the battle. Historians consider Bosworth Field to mark the end of the Plantagenet dynasty, making it a defining moment of English and Welsh history. 博斯沃斯-菲尔德战役（又称博斯沃斯战役）是发生在玫瑰战争时代——爆发与英格兰15世纪中晚期兰开斯特家族和约克家族之间的一场对全英格兰产生重大影响的战争——的最后一场重要的战役。它爆发于1485年8月22日，兰开斯特党人获得胜利。他们的领袖，里士满伯爵亨利都铎因为这场胜利成为了英格兰都铎王朝的开国君主。其对手——约克朝末代君主理查三世战死。史家们认为博斯沃斯-菲尔德战役是金雀花王朝结束的标志，是英格兰和威尔士的历史的决定性时刻。 Richards reign began in 1483 when he was handed the throne after his twelve-year-old nephew Edward V, for whom he was acting as Lord Protector, was declared illegitimate and ineligible for the throne.当作的理查以其外甥五世私生子王位由,理查接管了他的12外甥五世的王位,他的統治在1483年始了The boy and his younger brother disappeared in mysterious circumstances, and Richards support was eroded by rumours of his involvement in the death of his wife. 这个小男孩（指爱德华五世）和他的小弟（指约克公爵托马斯，时年9岁）在一个神秘的环境中消失了。随着理查被卷入关于他妻子的死亡的谣言中，（人们）对于理查的支持逐渐无感。, and Sir William Stanley brought a force to the battlefield, but held back while they decided which side it would be more advantageous to support.斯坦利勋爵托马斯和威廉斯坦利爵士Across the English Channel in Brittany, Henry Tudor, a descendant of the greatly diminished House of Lancaster, seized on Richards difficulties so that he could challenge Richards claim to the throne.在英吉利海峡对岸的布列塔尼，兰开斯特家族的独苗——亨利都铎 ，发现了理查处于困境因此他能够挑战理查的王位。Henrys first attempt to invade England was frustrated by a storm in 1483, but at his second attempt he arrived unopposed on 7 August 1485 on the southwest coast of Wales.亨利的第一次尝试被一场发生在1483年的风暴毁了，但是在他的第二次尝试时他没有任何地抵抗就在1485年7月到达了威尔士的西南海岸。 Marc