儒家思想对我国城市规划设计的影响论文.doc

儒家思想对我国城市规划设计的影响 摘要：城市是在原始社会解体并向奴隶社会过渡的时期产生的。城市是伴 随着私有制和阶级而产生的。随着阶级的产生，居住地也产生了一定阶级特征，城市也就出现了一定的布局。中国历代城市始终不是自由发展成的，而是根据封建礼法，由封建统治阶级有目的、有计划地兴建的，也就是所谓的“城市规划”。要想了解一个城市的规划形式、布局和体系，也就要首先了解和研究它文化和规划思想。在中国古代思想文化史上，儒家经历过汉代经学、宋明理学以及清代经学等诸多历史阶段的变迁流逝，形成了一股宏大的思想文化洪流，有力的塑造了中华名族的文化心理与名族性格，给中国古代文化科学艺术与思想以持久、深刻的渲染。本文试以儒家思想为出发点，从礼制思想、中庸之道这两个大方面与层次，对中国古代城市规划的文化思想意识加以初步探讨，努力挖掘其文化本质与根源。 关键词； 儒家思想 城市规划设计 影响 Abstract： City is produced in the disintegration of primitive society and slave society transition period. The city is accompanied with private ownership and class. With the class, the residence also produced some characteristics of class city, also appeared in some layout. China ancient city is not always free development, but according to the feudal proprieties, by the feudal ruling class has a purpose, there are plans to build, is the so-called city planning. To understand the planning, layout and system of a city, also must first understand and study its culture and planning ideas. In the ancient history of thought and culture China, Confucianism experienced the classics in the Han Dynasty, Neo Confucianism of the song and Qing Dynasty through changes by science and other historical stage, it formed a grand cultural torrent, powerful shaping the Chinese nation culture psychology and national character, to Chinese ancient culture of science and art and thought with the lasting, deep rendering. This paper tries to Confucianism as the starting point, from the ritual, a middle course of these two aspects and levels, cultural ideology of ancient city planning Chinese to explore, and strive to tap the cultural essence and origin.  一、概述 中国传统文化归纳起来可概括为儒道佛三大源头占有主导地位的是诸子百家中的儒家思想中国文化史上起自先秦的儒家最重规矩圆者出于方,方出于矩”“,?无规矩则不成方圆规矩就是论方圆。这种重人际伦理规范的儒家文化观特色在中国建筑文化中表现得非常突对中国古代建筑的影响?儒家是先秦百家之首以孔子为代表。儒家认为礼三本。天地者生之本也先祖者类之本也君师者治之本也。上事天,下事地,尊先祖而隆军,是礼之三本也。儒家的礼治作为一种顽强的封建政治伦理观念对中国建筑文化的精神面貌历史发展产生了很大影响。? 礼首先表示的是神与人之间的一种不平等的思想与观念。中国自古以来对天地敬若神明。天最崇高,没有比天更高的了天的无比高远与深邃,使得知识水平下的中国古人产生了对的神秘感与敬畏之情。因此从远古作为传统遗传下来的是,祭天,