2017考研：英语语法详解.doc

沪江英语??英语考试??考研英语 2017考研：英语语法详解（18） 来源：考研VIP|2016年09月15日 13:00 新学期福利：领取520元助学礼包啦！ 语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、主语与谓语的一致 英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式 例如： She likes to eat well.她好吃 We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。 Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。 I am a doctor.我是个医生。 二、概念一致 1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。 What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。 但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。 Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。 由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。 如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。 No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。 Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。 2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。 To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life. 以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。 例如：What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚 What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。 What she told me and what she told you are totally different things. 以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。 如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。 What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep. 被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。 3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。例如： My family is a big one.我家人多。 China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。 The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。 People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出