外文文献： 效率更高的车辆与高效的交通运输Efficient Vehicles Versus Efficient Transportation.pdfVIP

Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA info@ Phone Fax 250-360-1560 “Efficiency - Equity - Clarity” Efficient Vehicles Versus Efficient Transportation Comparing Transportation Energy Conservation Strategies By Todd Litman Victoria Transport Policy Institute 26 August 2009 Efficient vehicles, such as this hybrid SUV, consume less fuel per mile but tend to be driven more miles and so increase congestion, road and parking facility costs, crashes and some environmental impacts. This paper investigates these tradeoffs. Abstract This paper compares four transportation energy conservation strategies using a comprehensive evaluation framework that takes into account how each strategy affects annual vehicle travel, and therefore mileage-related impacts such as traffic congestion, road and parking facility costs, and crashes. These mileage-related impacts tend to be large in magnitude compared with energy conservation benefits, so even small changes in total vehicle travel can have a large impact on net benefits. Fuel efficiency standards and some alternative fuels cause vehicle travel to increase. Higher fuel taxes cause a combination of increased vehicle fuel economy and reduced mileage. Mobility management strategies cause relatively large mileage reductions and so provide the greatest mileage-related benefits. Conventional evaluation practices often overlook mileage-related impacts and so tend to overvalue strategies that increase vehicle fuel efficiency and undervalue mobility management s