第5讲 作图二.docx

第七讲作图二接第六讲[G-2] graph twoway — Twoway graphs二维图概述例：use uslifeexp2,clearlist in 1/8twoway scatter le year (散点图)twoway line le year (折线图)twoway connected le year (数据点折线图)twoway (scatter le year) (lfit le year)scatter语法：twoway (scatter y1 x) (scatter y2 x)twoway (scatter y1 x, msymbol (O)) (scatter y2 x, msymbol (Oh))twoway (scatter y1 x, msymbol (O)) (line y2 x, sort)scatter y1 y2 x, msymbol (O i) connect(. l) 等同于scatter y1 x, ms(O) c(.) || scatter y2 x, ms(i) c(l)例：if条件语句use auto,cleartwoway (scatter mpg weight if foreign, msymbol(O)) (scatter mpg weight if !foreign, msymbol(Oh)) twoway (scatter mpg weight if foreign, msymbol(O)) (scatter mpg weight if !foreign, msymbol(Oh)) if mpg20twoway (scatter mpg weight) (lfit mpg weight) if !foreign接上例：图形保存选项saving()twoway (scatter mpg weight, msymbol(Oh)), saving(mygraph)twoway (scatter mpg weight, msymbol(Oh)) (lfit mpg weight), saving(mygraph)二、散点图散点图基本命令：graph twoway scatter y xuse states3,cleargraph twoway scatter waste metroscatter waste metro [fweight=pop],msymbol(oh)（选择第三个变量作为权数）scatter waste metro if region==1,mlabel(state)（给散点加名称）scatter waste metro ,by(region) （分类变量图）graph matrix miles metro income waste,half msymbol(oh)（散点图矩阵）其他类型的二维图1．区域图(由线图到面图)use cod,cleartwoway area cod canada year2．芒线图(设定基线，然后观察最大值和最小值)use gulf,cleardsummarize maxareatwoway spike maxarea winter if winter1963,base(173) yline(173)3．芒线全距图（全距图使用条形、芒线、或着色区域连接X每一水平上Y的高值与低值。每日股市价格常常采用这种方式画出。）twoway rcap minarea maxarea winter if winter1963其他类型图一、直方图(做图思路：先做基本图，然后再通过修改图形，进一步修改完善)use states90,cleardescribe直方图基本命令：histogram college(默认纵轴显示密度density，此时直方图按比例绘制，因此所有直方图的面积之和＝1)histogram college,frequency(纵轴显示频数)histogram college,percent(纵轴显示百分比)histogram college,frequency norm (添加正态曲线)histogram college,frequency xlabel(12(2)34) ylabel(0(2)12) ytick(1(2)13) start(12) width(2)（改进图）histogram college,frequency xlabel(12(2)34) ylabel(0(2)12) ytick(1(2)13) start(12) width(2) norm addlabel（改进图）histogram college,by(region) percenthistogram college,percent widt