颗粒物浓度采样技术.pptVIP

与健康相关的颗粒物浓度采样技术介绍Particulate (Sampling Equipment) 东华大学 甘长德 颗粒物PARTICULATE 来源，特性，危害 Dust – dispersion of solid particles in the gaseous medium ，from nature, wind, human activity (pollen, road dust fly ash) Fumes 固体雾 – solid particles in a gaseous medium formed by condensation of solid materials (vapor) Smoke – from combustion or flame ，usually but not necessarily consist of solid particles (cigarette, soot, diesel) Smog – from photochemicals (Urban Smog) Shape, Size and Distribution形态，尺度和分布 Various shape, size and density of particulate AED（Aerodynamic equivalent diameter) is the diameter of a unit density sphere having the same settling velocity as the particle concern Polydisperse dust cloud (geometric mean and geometric standard deviation) Particle size悬浮颗粒物的大小 suspended particles are solid particles, ranging in size from below 1μm up to at least 100 μm, which may be or become airborne, depending on their origin, physical characteristics and ambient conditions. PSD（Particle Size Distributions）颗粒物的分布  Hinds (1982) indicated that most aerosols in the ambient air are polydisperse and that the lognormal distribution “is the most common distribution used for characterizing the particle sizes associated with the aerosol”. Aerodynamic Behavior In Airstreams空气动力特性 Impaction 惯性– proportional to the momentum i.e. mass and velocity Sedimentation 沉降– proportional to its diameter Diffusion 扩散– for particles 0.3um Schematic representation of the human respiratory tract Health effects 接触剂量－效应 滞留于肺内的尘粒只是吸入粉尘总量的2％一3％。 虽然吸入的粉尘只有少量可滞留于肺内，但长期吸入高浓度的可吸入性粉尘，终将逐渐使肺内的储留量增多。 长期储留于肺内的粉尘颗粒，根据其化学性质的不同，则可引起一系列病理反应，其中某些粉尘具有严重的致病性。 Purpose of Sampling Compliance with the requirement of the law Assessment of control measures Health risk assessment Epidemiological study 工作场合空气中含尘浓度的检测方法 Airborne Dust Sampling in the Work Environment Historical overview 历史回顾 Early 1900s-1930s: Short period gravimetric samples (nominally tot