Antibiotics(抗生素).docVIP

Antibiotics(抗生素) Antibiotics(抗生素） Antibiotics ,sometimes know as antibacterials, are drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. There are tiny organisms, too small to see with the naked eye ,that sometimes cause illness in humans. Well-known illness caused by bacteria include tuberculosis , salmonella, syphilis and some forms of meningitis. However many types of bacteria do not cause illness and live harmlessly on , and in , the human body. 抗生素有时被称为抗菌剂。过去常用于治疗由细菌引起的感染的药物。细菌是人肉眼看不见的微小生物体，有时会引起人类疾病。众所周知的著名的由细菌引起的疾病包括结核，沙门氏菌，梅毒和某些形式的脑膜炎。然而，许多生活在人体内或表面的细菌，是无害的，它们不会引起疾病。 Our immune systems, with their antibodies and special white blood cells,can usually kill harmful bacteria before they multiply enough to cause symptoms.E ven when symptoms do occur , the body can often fight off the infection. However, sometimes the body is overwhelmed by a bacterial infection and needs help to get rid of it.This is where antibiotics come in . An antibiotic is a substance produced by a microorganism capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. The production of such substances is one of the means used by microorganisms to compete with other microorganisms for survival in their highly competitive environment. The very first antibiotic was penicillin and along with a family of related antibiotices(such as ampicilin,amoxicllin and benzylpenicillin),it is still widely used to treat many common infections. Now there are several other different kinds of antibiotics.All of them are only avaiable on prescription. 我们的免疫系统具有抗体和特殊的白细胞，可以在细菌繁殖的足够多而引起疾病之前杀死有害细菌，当人体生病时可避免感染。然而，人体被细菌感染时，需要摆脱病菌感染，这便是抗生素作用的地方。抗生素是一种由微生物产生的能够摧毁或抑止生长中的其他微生物的物质。这种物质的产生意味着微生物与其他微生物在它们等竞争的环境中为生存而竞争。最有效的抗生素为青霉素，以及类似的抗生素（例如氨苄西林，阿莫西林，苄基盐尼西林）都被广泛用来治疗许多普通的感染，现今已有各种各样不同的抗生素，它们仅在处方中可看见。 1、How do antibiotics work ? Some antibiotics, such as the penicillins(discoveried by English bacteriologist Alexander Fleming in 1928), are “bactericidal”,