住院医师培训英语考试重点.doc

英翻中 1’×10 Anemia 贫血 Nosocomial infection 院感 Etiology 病因学 Hypoxemia 低氧血症 Immunosuppressant 免疫抑制剂 Contrastmedium 造影剂 Proteinuria 蛋白尿 Peritonitis 腹膜炎 Inflammatory bowel disease; IBD炎性肠病 Transfusion 输血 Urinalysis 尿分析 Elective surgery 择期手术 Placebo 安慰剂 Perforated ulcer 溃疡穿孔 Anesthesia 麻醉 Health promotion 健康促进 Malpractice 医疗过失 Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 Acute abdomen 急腹症 中翻英 1’×10 切口感染 wound infection 脓肿 abscess 心肌梗塞 myocardiac infarction 肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction 哮喘 asthma 牵涉痛 referred pain 体力活动 physical activity 三级预防 tertiary prevention 绝经前期 premenopause 并发疾病 complication 生存率 survival rate 寿命 life-expectancy 抗菌谱 antibacterial spectrum 老年病人 geriatric patient 关节炎 arthritis 结肠息肉 colonic polyp 体重减轻 weight loss 腹腔镜 laparoscope 压痛 tenderness  段落翻译 16’×5/8 CHAPTER-1 The physician does not exist in a vacuum but rather as part of a complicated and extensive system of medical care and public health. In premodern times and even today in some developing countries, basic hygiene, clean water, and adequate nutrition have been the most important ways to promote health and reduce disease. In developed countries, the adoption of heath lifestyles, including better diet and appropriate exercise, are cornerstones to reducing the epidemics of obesity, coronary disease, and diabetes. Public heath interventions to provide immunizations and to reduce injuries and the use of tobacco, illicit drugs, and excess alcohol collectively can produce more health benefit than nearly and other imaginable health intervention. 医生不是存在于真空，而是作为复杂而广泛的医疗保健体系和公共健康的一部分而存在。在近代以前，甚至今天的一些发展中国家，基本卫生、清洁水和足够的营养一直是促进健康和减少疾病的最重要的方法。在发达国家，健康的生活方式，包括合理的饮食、适量的运动，是减少肥胖、冠状动脉硬化性心脏病、糖尿病流行的基石。公共卫生干预措施，通过提供免疫接种，减少损伤，减少烟草、不合理药物的使用，减少过量饮酒，可以产生比其它可以想象的健康干预措施更多的健康收益。 CHAPTER-4 Hospice regulations in the United States require that a patient agree to forgo measures with curative intent and focus on comfort. Although hospice programs vary in their policies, many ?aggressive?, expensive interventions, such as surgery, radiation therapy, tota