增词和减词的翻译.ppt.Convertor.doc

Amplification vs. Omission 增词和减词 Amplification vs. Omission Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation（内涵）. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels： syntactic（句法）, semantic（语义）, and rhetorical（修辞）. 1. Syntactic amplification To make syntactic amplification, two cases are quite often involved, filling out elliptical （省略的）expressions and adding more explicit（明确的）indication of relations. In English there are more elliptical sentences by the omission of the subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial modifier and the like. The purpose is to make the sentence succinct（简洁的） and stress the main points. But in Chinese people may prefer to use explicit word to express implicit meaning. So some redundant（多余的）information should be added in certain context in English-Chinese translation. 1). Addition of noun after the possessive case Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone).她的语气要比大卫的语气友好。 2). Addition of noun after adjective She sang her sweetest (song).她唱了最动听的歌曲。 3). Addition of noun after preposition Shall I write my name on, above or below the line? 我把名字写在线上，还是线的上方或下方呢？ 4). Addition of the main verb after auxiliary（助词） They would stop if they could (stop).如果他们能停的话他们会停下来的。 5). Addition of verb after infinitive At last he agreed to do What I asked him to (do).最后他们同意去做我要他做的事。 6). Addition of predictive after copula（连系动词） I was scared as the children were (scared) too.我惊呆了, 孩子们也给吓住了。 7). Addition of subject and the main verb By birth he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by instinct and training, a rebel. 就出生说，他是英国人；就职业说，他是海员；就本性和教育说，他是背叛者。 2. Semantic amplifica