2011年三级笔译实务真题.docxVIP

2011年11月三级笔译实务真题Section?1：?English-Chinese?Translation?(50points)This?month,?the?United?Nations?DevelopmentProgram?made?water?and?sanitation?the?centerpieceof?its?flagship?publication,?the?Human?DevelopmentReport.Claims?of?a?water?apartheid,?where?poor?people?pay?more?for?water?than?the?rich,?are?boundto?attract?attention.?But?what?are?the?economics?behind?the?problem,?and?how?can?it?be?fixed?In?countries?that?have?trouble?delivering?clean?water?to?their?people,?a?lack?of?infrastructure?isoften?the?culprit.?People?in?areas?that?are?not?served?by?public?utilities?have?to?rely?on?costlierways?of?getting?water,?such?as?itinerant?water?trucks?and?treks?to?wells.?Paradoxically,?as?thewater?sources?get?costlier,?the?water?itself?tends?to?be?more?dangerous.?Water?piped?by?utilities-?to?the?rich?and?the?poor?alike?-?is?usually?cleaner?than?water?trucked?in?or?collected?from?anoutdoor?tank.The?problem?exists?not?only?in?rural?areas?but?even?in?big?cities,?said?Hakan?Bjorkman,?programdirector?of?the?UN?agency?in?Thailand.?Further,?subsidies?made?to?local?water?systems?oftenend?up?benefiting?people?other?than?the?poor,?he?added.The?agency?proposes?a?three-step?solution.?First,?make?access?to?20?liters,?or?5?gallons,?ofclean?water?a?day?a?human?right.?Next,?make?local?governments?accountable?for?delivering?thisservice.?Last,?invest?in?infrastructure?to?link?people?to?water?mains.The?report?saysgovernments,?especially?in?developing?countries,?should?spend?at?least?1?percent?of?grossdomestic?product?on?water?and?sanitation.?It?also?recommends?that?foreign?aid?be?moredirected?toward?these?problems.?Clearly,?this?approach?relies?heavily?on?governmentintervention,?something?Bjorkman?readily?acknowledged.?But?there?are?some?market-basedapproaches?as?well.By?offering?cut-rate?connections?to?poor?people?to?the?water?mainline,?the?private?water?utility?inAbidjan,?Ivory?Coast,?has?steadily?increased?access?to?clean?water,?according?to?the?agencysreport.?A?subsidy?may?not?even?be?necessar