科技英语词汇词缀.doc

1-1 suffixes used to form abstract nouns： -ment:(= result or means of） development, treatment, experiment; -age: (= state or condition of) advantage, dosage, linkage; -ism(= with verb ending in –ize forming ns): criticism, mechanism, plagiarism; -ibility (come from adjectives ending in -able, -ible): flexibility, permeability, stability -ion/ -sion/-tion (= action, process): examination, observation, evolution, fusion, propulsion; -ness(= a state or condition): brightness, effectiveness, richness, hardness, fearlessness; -lessness(= without, failure): colorlessness, odourlessness, fearlessness; -ity(= a quality or condition): compatibility, specificity, propability, polarity; -ance/ -ence/-ancy/-ency (= a process or action): abundance, disturbance, dependence, influence, efficiency; -osis (= abstract nouns of process, also for diseases): metamorphosis, mitosis, tuberculosis; 1- 2. Suffixes used to form nouns related to mineral, chemical substance, or fossils: -ite : dynamite, graphite, nitrite, quartzite, trilobite -us: brachiosaurus, detritus, fungus, humus 1-3.一些来自拉丁文的名词复数后缀，也需要注意： ( singular nouns that end in –ium change to –ia when plural/ or –um to -a ( singular nouns that end in –on change to –ia when plural/ or –n to –a ( singular nouns that end in –a change to –ae when plural ( singular nouns that end in –ix or -ex change to –ices when plural ( singular nouns that end in –us change to –i when plural ( singular nouns that end in –is change to –es when plural 1-4 affixes convert nouns/ adjs to verbs： -fy/-ify (make or produce): acidify, classify, humidify, purify, quantify -ise/-ize (to make, cause): emphasise, fertilise, minimize, parasitize, sterilize -ate(to act upon): aerate, allocate, differentiate, generate, hydrate 1-5 affixes forming adjectives： -able/-ible (able to , tendency) available, durable, variable, audible, flexible; -al(quality, relation): celestial, fractional, gravitational, structural, survival; -ive(show a quality or tendency) active,