新SAT官方指南阅读第三篇全解析新SAT官方指南阅读第三篇全解析.pdf

官网网站： ________________________________________________________________ 新SAT官方指南阅读第三篇全解析 This passage is adapted from J.D. Watson and F.H. C.Crick, “Genetical Implications of the Structure of C DeoxyribonucleicAcid.” ○1953 by Nature Publishing Group. Watson and Crick deduced the structure of DNA usingevidencefrom RosalindFranklinand R.G.Gosling’sX-raycrystallographydiagramsof DNAandfrom Erwin Chargaff’sdataonthebasecompositionofDNA. Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablishedthemoleculeis averylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphate groups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoof the possible bases-adenine and guanine-are purines, and the other two-thymine and 5 cytosine-are pyrimidines.Sofar as isknown,the sequence of basesalongthe chain isirregular. Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide. Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhich isof biologicalinterestisthat itconsists notofone chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around a common fiber axis. It has often beenassumedthat sincethere was only onechain inthe structural unit. However,the density, 10 takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo. The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together.This isdone byhydrogen bonds betweenthe bases.The basesarejoined together in pairs,asingle basefrom onechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasingle basefromthe other.The 1 官网网站： ________________________________________________________________ importantp