交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite 3)中英文.docxVIP

Unit Three Transportation PlanningText A Definition of transportation planningThere are many kinds of planning such as urban planning, economic planning, financial planning, industrial planning, and environmental planning. In the field of transportation, planning can be further divided into highway planning, urban transportation planning, airport planning and so on. It is obvious that planning plays an important role in modern society and that it is concentrated in particular areas, subjects, or systems no matter what this function is.（社会中）存在各种各样的规划，如城市规划、经济计划、金融计划、工业规划以及环境规划。而在交通运输领域，交通规划又可以进一步细分为公路规划，城市交通规划以及机场规划等等。明显地在现代社会中（各种）规划扮演者重要角色，不管最终（这些规划）的作用是什么，它都被用于某些特殊领域、学科和系统中。We defined planning as the activity or process that examines the potential of future actions guide a system toward desired direction, for example, toward the attainment of positive goals, the avoidance of problems, or both. Being he conceptual, premeditative process, planning is a fundamental characteristic of all human beings.我们将规划定义为：规划是检验评估未来某项行动对于引导整个系统朝着预期方向（例如，实现积极的目标，避免出现问题等）发展可能性的一个过程。作为从概念上预先进行计划这样一个过程，规划可以说是人类最基本的一项能力。The most important aspect of planning is that it is oriented toward the future: A planning activity occurs during one time period but is concerned with actions to be taken at various times in the future. However, although planning may increase the likelihood that a recommended action will take place, it does not guarantee that the planned action will inevitably be implemented exactly as conceived and on schedule. Another time element of importance to planning’s forward-looking perspective is the lag between the time when the action is to be taken and the time when its effects are felt. This time lag depends on may factor, including the scope and magnitude of the contemplated action.规划最为重要的一个方面即是对未来的导向作用，也就是说，在某一时期所做的规划活动将被作为未来不同时间段内行动的（行动方针）。但是，尽管规划活动可以提高某种行为发生的可能性，但它并不能保证这种预期的行为会按照预定的计划表和构思那样必然发生。对于规划的可预见性，其另一项重要的时间特性在于活动的发生时间与效果显现时间的滞后性，而这种滞后性又取决于多种因素，包括预期活动的规模和数量等。In s