法律翻译legal profession.docxVIP

Lesson Two: Legal Profession 第二课：法律职业[E-C]2010-09-19 17:49:46A-A+Part One: The Bar第一部分：律师协会 The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the state, each of which has its own requirement for admission to practice. Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to Exam, a day-long multiple-choice test, to which the state adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law. A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt. In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations each year and, after an inquiry into their character, are admitted to the bar in their respective states. No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission. The rules for admission to practice before the federal court vary with the court, but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities. 法律职业方面的规定主要是州来制定的，每个州均其自己的执业准入要求。大部分州都要求有三年的法学教育和法律学位。各州管理其各自的法律职业资格考试，该考试为一天的多项选择题测试，此外各州另加一天侧重考察有关本州法律的法律文书测试。大部分考生都能一次通过考试，即使没通过的考生第二次考试也能考过。美国每年总共能有四万名考生通过考试，经过品质审核后他们即可申请加入当地的律师协会。律师执业前后均不必经过实习。联邦法院执业的准入规则与一般法院不同，但是一般来说，那些在州最高法院获得准入执业的律师在办完一些无关紧要的手续后即可获准在联邦法院执业。 A lawyer’s practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer may travel to represent clients, one is only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted. It is customary to retain local counsel for matters in other jurisdictions. However, one who moves to another state can usually be admitted without examination if one has practiced in a state where one has been admitted for some time, often five years. 一个律师的执业范围通常仅限于一个地区，因为，尽管律师可以代表当事人到其他地区办理事务，但是一个律师只能在其获准开业的州内从事律师业务。通常是聘请当地律师处理来处理其他辖区内的事务。然而，如果一个律师已在一个州执业一段时间，通常是5年，当他移居到另一州的时候，通常不需要再通过该州的考试即可获得执业准入。 A lawyer may not only practice law, but is permitted to engage in any a