国际法双语课件8OuterSpaceLaw.ppt

Chapter 7 1.General The origin of space law can be traced to the launching on 4 October 1957 of Sputnik I, the first artificial Earth satellite. Since that time the legal regulation of outer-space activities has been largely centered in the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Satellites now control communications and observation networks, while landings have been made on the moon and information-seeking space probes dispatched to survey planets like Venus and Saturn. The research material gathered upon such diverse matters as earth resources, ionospheric activities, solar radiation, cosmic rays and the general structure of space and planet formations has stimulated further efforts to understand the nature of space and the cosmos. Chapter 7 1.General Beginning in 1957, nations began discussing systems to ensure the peaceful use of outer space. Bilateral discussions between the United States and USSR in 1958 resulted in the presentation of issues to the UN for debate. In 1959 the UN created the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).COPUOS in turn created two subcommittees, the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal Subcommittee. The COPUOS Legal Subcommittee has been a primary forum for discussion and negotiation of international agreements relating to outer space. 和平利用外层空间委员会 - COPUOS Chapter 7 1.General 一、 Definition of outer space often simply called space，comprises the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Outer space is used to distinguish it from airspace and terrestrial locations. Chapter 7 1.General 自然科学上，外层空间一般是指地球表面大气层以外的整个宇宙空间；在法律上，外层空间是指国家主权管辖范围以外的整个空间及天体。 空间论：以空间的某种高度(物理特征和大气层空气分布情况)作为标准来确定空气空间与外层空间的界限。 （1）空气构成说，有空气领域为“领空”，无空气为外空 （2）地心吸力终止说，航天器进入太阳引力范围 （3）Kármán line ，altitude of 100?kilometers，Germanic Physicist ，established by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale，随技术变化而变化。 （4）地球静止轨道说，赤道平面垂直上空离地面约3