工商国经名词解释.docVIP

第一章 1.依存度：可以用商品和劳务的进出口额占国内生产总值的比例来粗略地衡量。 Interdepengdence is given by the ratio of their imports and exports of good and services to their gross domestic product(GDP). 第二章 1.solute advantage: One nation is more efficient than another in the production of one commodity. 一个国家某种产品的生产效率高于另一个国家。根据亚当斯密的观点，这是产生国际贸易的基础。 2.mparative advantage： The smaller absolute disadvantage. 绝对优势相对小就是比较优势。 第三章 1.无差异曲线：反映了能使社会或国家获得同等满足程度的两种商品的不同组合。 Community Indifference Curves: Community Indifference Curves show the various combinations of tow commodities that yield equal satisfaction to the community or nation. 第四章 1.The offer curve (sometimes referred to as reciprocal demand curves) of a nation shows how much of its import commodity the nation demands for it to be willing to supply various amounts of its export commodity. 提供曲线，有时又称，相互需求曲线，反映的是一国为了进口其需要的某一数量的商品而愿意出口的商品数量。 2.The terms of trade of a nation are defined as the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity. 贸易条件，是指一国出口商品价格和进口商品价格的比值。 第五章 1.Factor intensity :In a world of two commodities(x and y)and two factors (labor and capital),we say that commodity y is capital intensive if the capital- labor ratio (k/L)used in the production of Y is greater than K/L used in the production of X. 在一个两个国家（A国和B国）、两种商品（X和Y）、两种要素（劳动和资本）的世界里，如果在两个国家生产Y的资本/劳动比率大于生产X 的资本/劳动比率，我们就说Y是资本密集型商品。 2.Factor abundance：There are two ways to define factor abundance.One way is in terms of physical units(in terms of the overall amount of capital and labor available to each nation).Nation B is capital abundant if the ratio of the total amount of capital to the total amount of labor (TK/TL) available in Nation B is greater than that in Nation A Another way to define factor abundance is in terms of relative factor prices(in terms of the rental price of capital and the price of labor time in each nation). Nation B is capital abundant if the ratio of the rental price of capital to the price of labor （Pk/Pl） is lower Nation B than t