Concurrent Atmosphere Land Ocean Anomalies英文电子书.pdf

CONCURRENT ATMOSPHERE-LAND- OCEAN ANOMALIES • Time series: • Removing short-lived transient anomalies and periodic modes • Selecting anomalies: Thresholds, duration • Local relationships in two-ways and one- way interaction models • Empirical rule • Cross-correlation • Eigen structure • Causal effects and Local Feedbacks Timseries of SST and RV • Ocean, land and atmosphere are here represented, respectively, by SST, ST and 850hPa RV • Daily average data from the NNR. Period 1980-1999. AMIP run for same period. • Five-days average is performed to the time series of data to filter out mesoscale and smaller-scale anomalies. The times series of the SST shows a marked annual cycle, particularly in the extratropics. … to a much lesser degree, the time series of the relative vorticity also shows an annual cycle. The structure of the annual cycle is easily seen for example by superimposing the time series into a one-year period: The red curve was obtained through Fourier analysis of 20 years of 5-days average data. The first four years of data are superimposed in grey color. Annual and Semi-annual harmonics 2 2 2! 2! Y = A0 + Ak cos( t) + Bk sin( t) T T k= 1 k= 1 where 1 N 2 N 2k 2 N 2k A0 = !y (t), Ak = !y (t) cos( t), Bk = !y (t) sin( t) N N T N T t= 1 t= 1 t= 1 Sub-index k denotes harmonics, T is the number of time intervals within a year and N is the length of t