雅思写作社会类城市化讲义词词汇.docxVIP

城市化Urbanization成因farming needs fewer worker 务农人口减少unbalanced economic development between cities and the countryside.经济不平衡the income gap between urban residents and rural residents 收入差距in search of job opportunities 找工作cities offer higher standard of living 高水平生活lack of well-developed physical infrastructure基础设施不完善lower access to education 教育medical resources concentrated in cities 医疗electricity and fuel supply能源随着经济的发展和家庭收人的提高(strong economy and increasing household incomes),人们城市规划不当(bad city planning)导致道路的建设和基础设施的扩建(construction of roads and the provision of infrastructure)与地区统筹发展不协调(unplanned development),开始喜欢低密度的住宅区(strong preference for lower-density housing);(attractive living conditions),更大的生活空间(expand living space)。影响好的（优点）transfer excessing?agricultural?laborsmore job opportunities, higher income 就业机会多，收入高better living conditions and infrastructures (medical care traffic education entertainment)交通、教育、医疗、娱乐等基础设施完善区域发展的经济中心，能带动区域经济发展prompt economy development of whole society 经济发展pushing the industrialization process工业化进程不好的（问题）drawbacks人文：cost of living is higher than in rural areasfast-paced life ，people do not know each other，indifference to the social emotion, lack a sense of community，loss of community spirit and values ，life can be extremely stressful们不会有社区的感觉,人与人之间的关系比较短暂，社区的团结和价值不复存在社会：widen the gap between the rich and the poorproblems like traffic congestion and crimerising rate of crime, unstable societyincreasing mobility of population，high mobility of populations 大量的流动人口会导致犯罪率上升，影响社会稳定经济：increased infrastructure costs人口增加导致基础设施的费用增加住房医疗教育等等facilities like water supplies and public transport cannot cope with the demands from increased population环境：at the cost of environmentcities are sometimes described as “metallic forest”monotonous suburban landscapes交通堵塞traffic congestion 影响工作效率，延误商品和服务的输送delay the delivery of goods and services ，affect work efficiency解决方法人文保持当地的城市风貌和文化protect the local landscape and culturecommunity councils，take part in commu