专业英语PPT-Tibet_Railway青藏铁路.pptVIP

After six years construction, the?Qinghai–Tibet?Railroad was completed in 2006 and it has been successfully operational for two years. QTR crosses about 632?km of permafrost regions. A large fraction of the permafrost region is warm, ice-rich permafrost, which makes it much more difficult to construct any infrastructure system on it. Permafrost scientists and engineers have utilized the state-of the-art technology to actively cool the permafrost under the railroad embankment and to ensure stability of railroad embankment. For the first time, a crushed rock layer was used to cool the permafrost under the embankment in such a huge project. This paper provides an overview of these measures used to cool the permafrost and discusses potential long-term problems. Although the?Qinghai–Tibet?Railroad is referred as a “green” project, potential long-term environmental impacts should not be underestimated. ? The?Qinghai–Tibet?Railroad was built from 2001 to 2006. ? It stretches 1,956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa. ?About 960 kilometers is located 4,000 meters above sea level. ?The highest point is 5,072 meters. ? At least 200 meters higher than the Peruvian railway in the Andes, the former worlds highest track. ? To drive seven tunnels through the rugged slopes. To raise 675 bridges over valleys and rivers. ?140,000 workers and 2000 medics struggled for 5 years to complete the highest, most extreme railway in the world! ? ? The map of The Qinghai-Tibet Railway The railway project has raised serious concerns about its possible environmental consequences because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering more than 360,000 km, is a unique and fragile high-altitude ecosystem . The mean annual temperature of the plateau ranges between – 4°C and 6°C, and the aver-age altitude is 4000 m. The railway planners developed a “green policy” that emphasized protection of soils, vegetation, animals, and water resources . An Environment-Friendly