天津地铁一号线车站内楼梯口防烟的分析研究.pdfVIP

第 六 届 全 国 土 木 工 程 研 究 生 学 术 论 坛 清 华 大 学 2008 天津地铁一号线车站内楼梯口防烟的分析 吴文忠，由世俊 （天津大学环境学院，天津 300072 ） 摘 要：天津地铁一号线南楼车站的火灾试验、模拟和设计都说明：在发生火灾时，不能保证站厅到站台的楼梯和 扶梯口处具有不小于1.5m/s 的向下气流，满足不了楼梯口的防烟要求。因此采取在楼梯和扶梯口处设置挡烟垂壁阻 止烟气向楼梯和扶梯口蔓延，进一步开启楼梯口上方的站厅吊顶上喷口送风，直接维持楼梯口的1.5m/s的向下风速. 当喷口风速不低于1.5m/s时，楼梯口风速不小于0.9m/s，加上站台排烟诱导的楼梯口平均速度0.6621m/s，楼梯口总 的向下的风速达到1.5m/s，符合地铁设计规范的要求。如果不考虑站台排烟诱导的楼梯口风速，应选择喷口风速不 低于2m/s ，才能提供楼梯口不小于1.5m/s向下的风速。依照本研究结果，能完善天津地铁一号线所有车站楼梯口的 防烟能力，保障在火灾时天津地铁乘客生命和财产的安全，减少群死群伤事故。 关键词：天津地铁一号线；楼梯口防烟；挡烟垂壁；喷口送风 Analyze Staircase Smoke-Protection of Tianjin Subway Line 1 Wen-Zhong Wu ，Shi-Jun You （School of Environment Science and Technology, Tianjin University，300072 ） Abstract: Fire test, simulation and design of Nan-Lou station, one of Tianjin Subway Line 1 all show that: when fire opens at its platform, downward ventilation rate at its staircase is smaller than 1.5m/s, which cannot keep away smoke. Therefore, smoke screen is stalled to hinder smoke motion nearby staircase, further, jet ventilation on hall ceiling is activated to sustain downward rate 1.5m/s at staircase. Its rate should surpass 1.5m/s to provide staircase downward rate not less than 0.9m/s. Adding to extraction induced 0.6621m/s, staircase downward rate totals to be 1.5m/s. Without extraction induced rate, jet ventilation has to be not less than 2m/s to provide staircase downward rate more than 1.5m/s. Applying this result to all other stations of Tianjin Subway Line 1, its staircase smoke-protection can be optimized, guaranteeing property and life of Tianjin Subway safe from fire. Key words: Tianjin Subway Line 1; Staircase Smoke-Protection; Smoke Screen; Jet Ventilation 1 引言 随着经济的快速发展，