x6132型普通铣床经济型数控改造本科.doc

辽 宁 科 技 学 院 本科毕业设计 题目： X6132型普通铣床经济型数控化改造 专题： X6132型普通铣床经济型数控化改造 摘要 随着计算机技术的飞速发展，发展现代计算机化数字控制（CNC）机床，是当前机械制造业进行技术改造，技术革新的必由之路，是未来工厂自动化的基础。因此，这次对普通机床进给系统的数控改造设计更显得重要。 本文是对X6132铣床进行数控改造，主要分五个部分进行了介绍。第一部分是数控机床的概述，第二部分是进给系统的总体设计方案，第三部分是伺服进给机械部分设计计算，第四部分是经济与环保性能的简要分析，第五部分是机械结构三维造型。基于步进电机的机械改装减少了人的工作量，把手动转变为电动。本次改造用了三个步进电机，分别控制机床的三个方向（纵向、横向和垂向）的进给，通过齿轮或带轮带动滚珠丝杠轴向运动。用滚珠丝杠螺母副传动结构代替原有传动结构，在综合性能上得到了较好的改善。 关键词：铣床,丝杠,步进电机,数控 The Economic Digital Control Retransformation of the Milling Machine X6132 Abstract As the development of computer technology, producing the modern computer numerical control(CNC) machine becomes the trend of technique transformation and reformation in the manufacturing industry and the foundation of automation factories in the future. Therefore, the project of automating the machine is important to the prospective study and work. The paper describes the digital control retransformation of X6132 miller and the introduction has been mainly underway by five branches. The introduction on computer numerical control (CNC) machine will be presented in Section 1. The overall designing scheme will be proposed in Section 2. The calculation and data of mechanical parts is in Section 3 and in Section 4 the economy is analyzed against the environmental protection performance profile. In section 5 is mechanical three-dimensional modeling. The reformation of the machine based on the stepping motor decreases the workload by turning the hand operation to electric control. Three motor controlling three directions respectively move the ball screws by gears and strap wheels. Replacing original drive composition with the ball leading screw nut pair drive composition can make the overall performance better improved. Key words: milling machine, ball screw, stepping motor, computer numerical control 目录 1 绪论 1 1.1数控机床的发展 1 1.1.1 数控机床的历史和现状 1 1.1.2 数控机床的发展趋势 2 1.2 机床数控技术的概述 4 1.2.1 数控技术在机械制造业的应用 4 1.2.2 数控技术优越性 6 1.2.3 数控机床分类 7