霍勇_ACC_Slides(中英文).pptVIP

In the US, The number 1 killer is heart disease, The number 4 killer is stroke , According to the 3rd National Survey in China, cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death; and the annual economic loss due to cerebrovascular diseases is approximately 40 billions (Yuan). Globally, According to the WHO, one in six people will suffer from stroke in their life time; every 6 seconds, one person will die from stroke; and every 6 seconds, one person will become permanently disabled due to stroke. There are striking differences in mortality trend for heart disease and stroke between US and China. In the US, the mortality rates of heart disease and stroke have been decreasing over the past 55 years; while in China, the mortality rates of heart disease and stroke have been rapidly increasing over the past 20 years. Notably, in the US, the mortality rate of heart disease was 4-5 times higher than that of stroke; In contrast, in China, the mortality rate of stroke was 2-3 times higher than that of heart disease. There is an urgency to understand the alarming upward trend of stroke and heart disease in China and to develop cost-effective strategies to halt and reverse the trend. * * 美国和中国危险因素发病率数据来源： 美国CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System； 中国Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China (2008-2009) * * * There are three important reasons why stroke rate is so high in China: First of all, In China, 300 millions of people have hypertension. Of those, 200 millions are H-type hypertension, that is, hypertension accompanied by elevated homocysteine (Hcy10?mol/L). Previously studies in China and US have shown that hypertension and elevated Hcy can synergistically increase the risk of stroke Secondly, the rate of folate deficiency in China is much more prevalent than in the US, due to a combination of inadequate dietary intake, low rate of folic acid supplementation, and no mandatory folic acid fortification. As you know, the US has implemented univ