推荐数通基础知识培训——以太网技术原理.pptxVIP

网络监控中心 ;;;;几种网络;以太网的诞生;以太网原理---几个概念;冲突检测： 由于两个站点同时发送信号，经过叠加后，会使线路上电压的摆动值超过正常值一倍。据此可判断冲突的产生。;（三）广播域;（四）以太网的MAC地址;（五）以太网帧结构;;;万兆以太网出现;共享式以太网传输介质;其中介质可靠性差是共享式以太网的主要问题。;标准以太网;IEEE802.3 线缆;快速（100M）以太网;快速以太网;快速以太网传输距离;千兆以太网;千兆以太网;千兆以太网传输距离;IEEE802.3z的线缆标准;IEEE802.3ab的线缆标准;万兆以太网;;;;自协商基本页信息;自协商信号;半双工：一次仅一个工作站能发送;与没有自协商机制的设备连接;自协商优先级;光纤上的自协商;;以太网接口;RJ-45连接器;RJ-45连接器标准;;;直通还是交叉？;千兆交叉线;智能MDI/MDIX;;流量控制;半双工流量控制;全双工流量控制;全双工流量控制;;;传统以太网连接设备HUB;所有的HUB都是半双工的;由HUB组建以太网的实质;;二层工作模式;Address learning Forwarding the filtering decisions Loop avoidance; ;Learning Addresses;Learning Addresses (Cont.);Filtering Frames;Filtering Frames (Cont.);Station D sends a broadcast or multicast frame. Broadcast and multicast frames are flooded to all ports other than the originating port. ;二层交换机原理;三种交换模式;Redundant topology eliminates single points of failure. Redundant topology causes broadcast storms, multiple frame copies, and MAC address table instability problems.;Host X sends a broadcast. Switches continue to propagate broadcast traffic over and over.;Host X sends a unicast frame to router Y. The MAC address of router Y has not been learned by either switch. Router Y will receive two copies of the same frame.;Host X sends a unicast frame to router Y. The MAC address of router Y has not been learned by either switch. Switches A and B learn the MAC address of host X on port 0. The frame to router Y is flooded. Switches A and B incorrectly learn the MAC address of host X on port 1.;Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by placing certain ports in the blocking state; One root bridge per network One root port per nonroot bridge One designated port per segment Nondesignated ports are unused;BPDU = Bridge Protocol Data Unit  (default = sent every two seconds) Root bridge = bridge with the lowest bridge ID Bridge ID = In this example, which switch has the lowest bridge ID? ;Spanning tree transits each port through several different states:;Spanning Tree Port States (Cont.);Span