北京大学计算概论DataFilesSK2007B精选.ppt

Lesson 17 Data Files 2 The Arrangements: Dynamic Data Structures C++ introduction (part1) C++ introduction (part2) Database introduction (?) Review January 7, the happy ending. Today’s objectives Advanced string operations Random File Access Passing and Returning File Pointers Binary Files Dynamic Memory Allocation Linked List Basic Reading from Text Files —— EOF C appends the low-value hexadecimal byte 0x00 as the end-of-file (EOF) sentinel when the file is closed EOF sentinel is never counted as part of the file Reading from a Text File (exp.) Reading from and Writing to Text Files(cont.) Prototypes in stdio.h Examples Examples fgetc(inFile); fgets(message,10,inFile); fscanf(inFile,%lf,price); fgetc() and fscanf() return EOF when the end-of-file marker is detected fgets() returns a NULL instead Standard Device Files stdin data stream (read) from keyboard stdout data stream (write) from monitor stderr data stream (write) for error message Get a line from stream There are two line-oriented I/O functions, i.e. fgets() and fputs(), which allow us read and write lines instead of chracters. The function prototypes are: char *fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *stream) ; int *fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);The second argument, n, of fgets() specifies the size of the array in which the string is stored. Prog11.4 char * strstr(char *s1, const char *s2); strstr returns a pointer to the beginning of the sub-string or NULL if not found. Exp: char string1[] = “paper tiger; char string2[]=“tiger; void *pointer; pointer = strstr(string1, string2); /all_c_functions.html char *strtok( char *str1, const char *str2 ); The strtok() function returns a pointer to the next token in str1, where str2 contains the delimiters that determine the token. strtok() returns NULL if no token is found. In order to convert a string to tokens, the first call to strtok() should have str1 point to the string to be tokenized. All calls after this should have str1 be NUL