基于等熵位涡梯度的动力学对流层顶.docVIP

目录 摘要 1 1引言 2 2数据与方法 6 2.1ECMWF数据 6 2.2基于等熵位涡梯度的动力学对流层顶的定义 6 2.3环绕动力学对流层顶过渡区域的定义 10 3结果 14 3.1动力学对流层顶的季节变化 14 3.2动力学对流层顶的纬向平均分析 18 4结论 18 致谢 20 参考文献 21 基于等熵位涡梯度的动力学对流层 摘要：中纬度地区位涡地图上显示出显著的等熵位涡梯度，这反映了对流层上层与平流层下层之间的物质运输障碍，这种障碍是急流将低纬对流层中的气团与高伟平流层中的气团分离开造成的。目前，关于动力学对流层顶的研究还不够成熟，这一定义提出以来，动力学对流层顶一直是由一些没有任何时空差异的位势涡度值定义的。在这篇论文中，我们将提出一种可以确定等熵面上动力学对流层顶处位势涡度等值线以及环绕动力学对流层顶的过渡区域边界的方法。采用欧洲中心提供的一年多层等位温面上的日时间序列数据，分析研究了副热带动力学对流层顶处位涡分布的时空差异。结果显示：不同季节不同等熵面上动力学对流层顶对应的位涡等值线是不同的，这些位涡值一般在1.5到5个位涡单位之间。所以，用单个位涡等值线定义动力学对流层是不精确的。中纬度地区急流的分布与环绕动力学对流层顶的过渡区域（位涡梯度大值区）趋于一致，等熵面上动力学对流层顶的位置与急流中心趋于一致。动力学对流层顶与中纬度急流的位置均存在显著的季节变化，但二者的变化趋势仍能保持较好的一致性。 关键词：等熵面上位势涡度梯度，等价纬度，动力学对流层顶，过渡区域，急流。 Abstract：Conceptually, significant isentropic gradients shown on the middle world PV maps reflect the underlying transport barrier associated with the tropopause, formed by jet streams that separate troposphe- ric air masses at low latitudes and stratospheric air masses at high latitudes. Largely owing to the lack of a general method, the dynamical tropopause has often been represented by a PV value chosen without any temporal or spatial differentiation. In this work,we present a method for determining the PV isoline of the dynamical tropopause basedon the isentropic PV gradients. Using 1 year of data from the European Centre for Medium–Range Weather Forecasts, the spa- tial and temporal variability of this PV gradient based dynamical tropopause is examined. The results show that in general there is a broad distribution of PV values at the dynamical tropopause, ranging from 1.5 to 5 potential vorticity units. Therefore, a fixed PV surface for all isentropes and seasons is not accurate. The distribution of jet stream is consistent with transition region, and the centre of jet mathes the location of the PV gradient on isentropes. Though their location changes Seasonally, those changes can also be well consistent. Key words: the PV gradient on isentropes, the equivalent latitude, the dynamical tropopause, the transition region