PEF-Settling and Centrifugation 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.ppt

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Settling and Centrifugation Settling Settling Example Physics Settling Process Settling Velocity grain size shape (roundness and sphericity) density of the grains viscosity of the fluid density of the fluid. Settling Velocity Hindered Settling Applications Thickener Continuous Thickener Sedimentation Sedimentation Sedimentation Centrifugation Centrifugation The centrifugal forces act on all particles. The particles with the specifically higher weight are spun outwards fastest and most effectively. They then deposit on the edge of the vessel. Separation by means of centrifugal force is, however, faster when the vessel has an insert. Thanks to the insert, the specifically heavier particles deposit faster. The settling path is shortened by the insert. By this means, a higher throughput capacity is attained. ? Centrifugation Centrifugation Centrifugation The rate of centrifugation is specified by the acceleration applied to the sample, typically measured in revolutions per minute (RPM) or relative centrifugal force (RCF) . The particles settling velocity in centrifugation is a function of their size and shape, centrifugal acceleration, the volume fraction of solids present, the density difference between the particle and the liquid, and the viscosity. In the chemical and food industries, special centrifuges can process a continuous stream of particle-laden liquid. Centrifuge Types Laboratory Centrifuges Laboratory Centrifuges Microcentrifuge Tubes Centrifuge Applications Centrifuges with a batch weight of up to 2,200?kg per charge are used in the sugar industry to separate the sugar crystals from the mother liquor Standalone centrifuges for drying (hand-washed) clothes – usually with a water outlet. Large industrial centrifuges are commonly used in water and wastewater treatment to dry sludges. The resulting dry product is often termed cake, and the water leaving a centrifuge after most of the solids have been removed is ca