第4章组播 网络体系结构 教学课件.ppt

S1 S0 151.10.0.0/16 198.14.32.0/24 Interface Network Unicast Route Table X 上一页 32 下一页 RPF Check Fails! 204.1.16.0/24 E0 E0 Packet Arrived on Wrong Interface! S1 S2 组播转发 A closer look: RPF Check Fails Multicast Packet from Source 151.10.3.21 S0 Discard Packet! 上一页 33 下一页 RPF Check Succeeds! Unicast Route Table Network Interface 151.10.0.0/16 S1 198.14.32.0/24 S0 204.1.16.0/24 E0 E0 S1 S2 组播转发 A closer look: RPF Check Succeeds Multicast Packet from Source 151.10.3.21 S0 Packet Arrived on Correct Interface! Forward out all outgoing interfaces. (i. e. down the distribution tree) 上一页 34 下一页 主要内容 为什么需要组播？ 组播地址 主机和路由器的交互：IGMP 组播分发树 组播转发 域内组播路由协议 域间组播路由协议 IPv6 上一页 35 下一页 组播路由和单播路由 Multicast Routing is not unicast routing You have to think of it differently It is not like OSPF It is not like RIP It is not like anything you may be familiar with 上一页 36 下一页 组播路由协议的类型 Dense-mode ? Uses “Push” Model ? Traffic Flooded throughout network ? Pruned back where it is unwanted ? Flood Prune behavior (typically every 3 minutes) Sparse-mode ? Uses “Pull” Model ? Traffic sent only to where it is requested ? Explicit Join behavior 域内组播路由协议概况 Currently, there are four multicast routing protocols – DVMRPv3 (Internet-draft) ? DVMRPv1 (RFC 1075) is obsolete and unused. A variant is currently implemented – – – – 上一页 MOSPF (RFC 1584) PIM-DM (Internet-draft) PIM-SM (RFC 2362- v2) Others (CBT, OCBT, QOSMIC, SM, etc.) 37 下一页 上一页 38 下一页 DVMRP概况 Dense Mode Protocol – Distance vector-based ? Similar to RIP ? Infinity = 32 hops ? Subnet masks in route advertisements – DVMRP Routes used ? For RPF Check ? To build Truncated Broadcast Trees (TBTs) – Uses special “Poison-Reverse” mechanism 上一页 39 下一页 DVMRP概况 Dense Mode Protocol – Uses Flood and Prune operation – Traffic initially flooded down