浅析精密水准测量在工程变形监测中的应用.docVIP

长江工程职业技术学院 毕业设计（论文） 浅析精密水准测量在工程变形监测中的应用 学生姓名 系（部） 勘测工程系 专 业 工程 测量 指导教师 2012年5月1日 摘 要 工程变形监测的内容主要包括对各工程变形体进行的水平位移，垂直位移的监测。对变形体进行偏移、倾斜、绕度、弯曲、扭转、裂缝等的测量，主要是指对所描述的变形体自身形变和位移的几何测量的监测。采用工程 变形的几何分在对精密水准测量的基础上，阐述了该项技术在变形监测中应用前景和地位。在普通水准测量原理基础上，做出了更高精度的要求和严密施测程序。如：往测奇数站采用观测后尺基本分划前尺基本分划前尺辅助分划后尺辅助分划，往测偶数站采用观测前尺基本分划后尺基本分划后尺辅助分划前尺辅助分划。返测奇偶数测站的观测程序与往测偶奇数测站的程序相同。视线长度一般在50m以内，前后视距差小于1m，测段累计差小于3m ，视距读至1mm，基辅差读至0.1mm，基辅高差之差小于0.6mm。实践证明，此项程序和精度要求完全符合变形监测应用。析和变形的物理解释的方法有效确定了变形要素的变形过程，以预测其变形的趋势和将会带来的影响，从而使得能够高效安全施工运营。 关键词： 水准测量 变形监测 数据分析 精密测量 目 录 前言·····················································································································1 第一章 精密水准测量···················································································2 第一节 精密水准仪和水准尺的主要特点································································2 第二节 精密水准测量的主要误差来源及影响分析··················································8 第三节 水准测量的原理·····················································································12 第四节 精密水准测量的实施···············································································13 第二章 精密水准测量在变形监测中的应用研究·····································16 第一节 变形监测的目的和意义············································································16 第二节 变形监测点的布设原则············································································17 第三节 监测内容和原则·····················································································18 第四节 监测频率的确定·····················································································22 第五节 监测结果的分析方法···············································································23 第六节 变形监测实例举例··················································································27 第三章 结语····································································