英汉双语材料力学6.ppt

z D 0.8D a1 2a1 z For the I-shape section the method to determine the shearing stress is similar to that for the –shape section . 0.8a2 a2 1.6a2 2a2 z when 工字形截面与框形截面类似。 0.8a2 a2 1.6a2 2a2 z 2、Select shapes of the section according to properties material s G z For example ,for the material of cast iron ,the T-shape section is often used as shown in the following figure. 2、 Select the beam with non-constant sections . The best is to select equal strength beam，that is If it is an equal-strength rectangular section ,its height is At the same time P x 2、根据材料特性选择截面形状 s G z 如铸铁类材料，常用T字形类的截面，如下图： 二、采用变截面梁 最好是等强度梁，即 若为等强度矩形截面，则高为 同时 P x 3、Arrange reasonably external forces（include reactions of supports）and make the maximum bending moment M max as small as possible. P L/2 L/2 x M + PL/4 P L/4 3L/4 P=qL L/5 4L/5 Symmetry M x 3PL/16 + M x qL2/10 + 三、合理布置外力（包括支座），使 M max 尽可能小。 P L/2 L/2 M x + PL/4 P=qL L/5 4L/5 对称 P L/4 3L/4 M x 3PL/16 + M x qL2/10 + q L L/5 q L/5 q L/2 L/2 M x + 40 2 qL 50 2 qL - M x - + - 32 2 qL - M x + + - q L L/5 q L/5 q L/2 L/2 M x + 40 2 qL 50 2 qL - M x - + - 32 2 qL - M x + + - 4、Lateral buckling of the beam 1). Critical load of the beam with rectangular section in pure bending L M M x y z 四、梁的侧向屈曲 1.矩形纯弯梁的临界载荷 L M M x y z 2 .Critical load of the beam with the I-shape section in pure bending L M M x y z h From the above analysis we know if I y is too small, the strength and rigidity of the structure are higher , but the possibility of lateral loss of stability is also increasing. About this point we must pay enough attention. 2.工字钢形截面纯弯梁的临界载荷 L M M x y z h 由上可见，I y过小时，虽然强度和刚度较高，但侧向失稳的可能性却增大了，这点应引起注意。 5、Select the material of high strength to increase the permissible stress For the same kind of materials，differences of their“E” are small ,but those of their “?jx” are larger. So the strength can be improved by changing another same kind of material ,but the rigidity and stability can not be improved . For the different kind