综合英语Book Unit13.pptVIP

Unit 13 Text I Euphemism Language Points 1. A euphemism is commonly defined as an auspicious or exalted term…as more down-to-earth term: euphemism(婉转)是辞格之一。把不愉快、悲痛或粗俗的事情用不怎么刺激人的话语来表示。句中词组in place of表示“代替”，又如use plastics in place of wood or metal (用塑料来代替木材或金属)。与place相关的常用词组有：give place to让位于，被…所代替。in place在适当的地位；适当的，相称的。in the first/next place第一点/某次。make place for为…腾出地方；让位于。out of place不恰当的。take the place of代替。复合形容词down-to-earth是个褒义词，表示practical and honest,意为“切实的，实事求是的”。 2. People who are partial to euphemisms stand accused of being “phony” or trying to hide what it is they are really talking about:句中who are partial to euphemisms是修饰people的限制性定语从句，形容词partial是个贬义词，表示showing special favour to one person, side, etc., esp. in a way that is unfair,意为“偏袒的，过分错爱的”，常与介词to连用，其反义词是impartial。文中该句的谓语动词是stand,它在此意为“处于某种状态或境地”，其作用相当于连系动词，stand的这种用法比较常见，又如stand ready for battle (准备好战斗)；I stand corrected. (我接受指正)。文中该句里的动词hide接的宾语从句what it is they are really talking about表达的意思就相当于what they are really talking about;加上it is,起强调的作用。 3. It is obvious that the government, in choosing the name, was trying to…an immoral act:句首的it显然是形式主语，真正的主语是位于obvious后的that从句。该主语从句里的主语是the government，谓语动词有并列的两个：was trying和committed。句中的in so doing和in doing so表达的意思一样，只不过是so的词性不同：在in so doing里，so用作副词，意为“这么，如此地”；在in doing so里，so用作代词，意为“这样，如此”。句中插入语as I see it意为“在我看来”。 4. A garbage man is not “really” a “garbage man,” any more than he is really a “sanitation engineer”:词组not…any more than表示“并不比…多些”，对前后都进行否定。文中该句表达地意思是“正如垃圾工不是真正的‘卫生工程师’一样，他不是真正的垃圾工”。又如Imperialism will not change its nature, any more than a leopard will (change) its spots. (正如花豹不会改变身上的斑点一样，帝国主义决不会改变它的本性)。 5. And a pig is not called a “pig” because it is so dirty, nor a shrimp a “shrimp” because it is so small:若按字面理解，该句表示“猪不叫‘猪’，因为它太脏；虾不叫‘虾’，因为它太小”，这明显不合逻辑和现实情况。其实否定词not修饰的不是is,而是because,它否定的是原因状语。这句话表达的真正意思是“猪叫 ‘猪’，不是因为它很脏；虾叫‘虾’，不是因为它很小”。这种情况属于否定的转移。句中nor a shrimp a “shrimp”明显是省略句,其完整形式是 nor is a shrimp called a “shrimp”。 6. It would appear that