大三英语考试范围.docVIP

一、翻译 1. Control system engineering consists of analysis and design of control configurations. Analysis is the investigation of the properties of an existing system. The design problem is one choice and arrangement of system components to perform a specific task. P68 控制系统工程由控制结构的分析和设计组成。分析是对所存在的系统性能的研究，设计问题是对系统部件的一种选择和安排从而实现特定的任务。 2. The designer should be fully aware, however, of the role of the steady equations and errors in the overall process, as well as their influence on the dynamic behavior of the plant. P81 设计者应充分了解稳态方程和误差在整个过程中的作用，同时也应知道它们在被控对象动态性能上的影响。 3. The root locus, therefore, provides information not only as to the absolute stability of a system but also as to its degree of stability, which is another way of describing the nature of the transient response. P86 因此，根轨迹不仅提供系统绝对稳定性而且提供稳定裕量的信息，稳定裕量是描述暂态响应特性的另一种方法。 4. Lumped parameter systems are those for which physical characteristics are assumed to be concentrated in one or more “lumps” and thus independent of any spatial distribution. P68 集中参数系统是其物理性质被假设集中在一块或多块，从而与任何空间分布无关的系统。 5. The designer quickly becomes adept in relating changes in the Laplace domain to behavior in the time domain without actually having to solve the system equations. 6. Actual systems are also subjected to undesirable inputs, such as noise in command inputs and disturbances arising from changes in the plant parameters or changes in the environment in which the plant is operating. P83 实际系统也受非期望输入的影响，比如：控制命令中的噪声，设备运行时由于设备参数变化和运行环境变化引起的扰动。7. These effects increase in strength with decreasing distance. A zero can improve relative stability because it can pull the loci, or parts thereof, away from the imaginary axis, deeper into the left-half plane. P89 随着到原点距离的减小，它们的作用强度会增加。添加零点可以改善相对稳定性，因为它可以吸引根轨迹、或根轨迹的一部分离开虚轴进入左半平面，较远地离开虚轴。 8. Ignoring for the weaker effect of the added pole, which is often placed at 10 times the distance to the origin, the zero is chosen to satisfy the need for compensation. P89 忽略常被置于