英美国家概况Chapter 25.pptVIP

An Introduction to the English-Speaking Countries Unit 25 The Australian Economy Section I Agriculture Section II Manufacturing Industry Section III Minerals and Energy Industry Section IV Service Industries Section V Trade Section VI Problems in the Economy Section I Agriculture Natural conditions Agricultural products Farms The history of agricultural development 1. Natural conditions Harsh climatic - hot and dry (driest in the world) The continent is large in size and rather flat 2. Agricultural products Food and natural fibers - the world’s leading producer Wool – the world’s largest exporter Meat – the second Wheat – the third Sugar Fruits Cotton Rice Dairy products – the major supplier in the world 3. Farms Vary in size: big and small Two types: commercial rural properties (125,000) engaging in dairying, horticultural production and sugarcane growing (one-third) 4. The history of agricultural development In 1821: the first sale of Australian wool by auction in England, thus began the highly successful development of Australia’s wool industry In the first half of the 20th century: rural production continued During the 1950s and 1960s: domestic protection affected the competitiveness of Australian agriculture In 1973: lost preferential access to the British market During the 1970s and 1980s: agriculture protection in USA and Japan made Australia difficult to compete in the world markets For the two decades up to 1986: growth 2.7% back Section II Manufacturing Industry Today Australia has a broad industrial base, a wide range of manufactured goods from fashion garments to food, complex electronic devices to household appliances ,from base metals to precision instruments. (GDP15%) The major features: Inefficiency Concentration Foreign investment back Section III The Minerals and Energy Industry Abundant in minerals and metals – the world’s largest Major deposit of bauxite, mineral sands, diamonds, black and brown coal Coal – the world’s largest exporter