Costs详解.pptVIP

Short-run costs Total cost Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Total costs for firm X Short-run costs Marginal cost = ?TC / ?Q Short-run costs Average cost =TC / Q Average and marginal costs Long-run costs Long-run costs =TC / Q Alternative long-run average cost curves Alternative long-run average cost curves Alternative long-run average cost curves A typical long-run average cost curve A typical long-run average cost curve Long-run average and marginal costs Long-run average and marginal costs Long-run average and marginal costs Long-run average and marginal costs Long-run costs Relationship between short-run and long-run AC curves Deriving long-run average cost curves: factories of fixed size Deriving long-run average cost curves: factories of fixed size Deriving long-run average cost curves: choice of factory size Deriving long-run average cost curves: choice of factory size fig Output O Costs Diseconomies of Scale LRAC fig Output O Costs LRAC Constant costs fig Output O Costs LRAC fig Output O Costs LRAC Economies of scale Constant costs Diseconomies of scale fig Output O Costs LRAC LRMC Economies of Scale fig Output O Costs LRAC LRMC Diseconomies of Scale fig Output O Costs LRAC = LRMC Constant costs fig Output O Costs LRMC LRAC Initial economies of scale, then diseconomies of scale fig SRAC3 Costs Output O SRAC4 SRAC5 5 factories 4 factories 3 factories 2 factories 1 factory SRAC1 SRAC2 fig SRAC1 SRAC3 SRAC2 SRAC4 SRAC5 LRAC Costs Output O fig Costs Output O Examples of short-run average cost curves fig LRAC Costs Output O Costs fig Output (Q) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TFC (￡) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 fig TFC Output (Q) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TFC (￡) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 fig TFC Output (Q) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TFC (￡) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 TVC (￡) 0 10 16 21 28 40 60 91 fig TVC Output (Q) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TFC (￡) 12 12 12