专业英语课程讲义.pptVIP

翻译技巧（一） 词义引申 词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。词义引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。 1. 词义转译 翻译时，遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment. A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads on engine lathes. 2. 词义具体化 翻译时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。以动词 cut（切割）为例： The purpose of a driller is to cut holes . 3. 词义抽象化 把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。 Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon。 High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage。 The design of the machine has been improved to answer the challenge of heavy duty climb milling(强力顺铣 )。 翻译技巧（三） 词类转换 翻译时可以适当地改变一下原文某些词的词类，以适应汉语的表达习惯，或达到一定的修饰目的。这种改变原文词类的译法叫做词类转换。 一、 译成汉语动词 1. 名词译成动词 Were there no friction，transmission of motion would be impossible. 2 形容词译成动词 The robot is capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly。 翻译技巧（四） 成分转换 翻译技巧（五） 成分分译 所谓成分分译就是改变原文句子结构的一种译法。这种译法的要领是：把原文中较长的句子成分，或不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理，一般译成汉语短句或独立语。分译得当可以使译文层次分明，简练明确，合乎汉语规范。 一、主语分译 An unusually wide feed range adapts the machine to the greatest variety of job。 二、谓语分译 It is obvious that a greater force should be applied to start a motor-car than a motor-cycle。 It is common knowledge that weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth。 翻译技巧（六） 重复译法 重复译法是指翻译时重复原文中某些词，使译文表达明确具体。这是因为有些词在英语中是不必重复的，但在汉语中却必须重复，否则就会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。 一、重复共同部分 1.重复共同修饰的名词 Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal. 二、译成汉语主动句 1. 译成有主语的主动句 A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. To explore the moon’s surface. Rockets were launched again and again. 2. 译成无主语的主动句 When work is done against friction, heat is produced. By using this new process the loss of metal was reduced to 20 per cent. Care should be take