[管理学]管理学第七版 斯蒂芬P罗宾斯robbins_PPT16.pptVIP

L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. What Is Motivation? Define motivation. Explain motivation as a need-satisfying process. Early Theories of Motivation Describe the five levels in Maslow’s hierarchy and how Maslow’s hierarchy can be used in motivational efforts. Discuss how Theory X and Theory Y managers approach motivation. Describe Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. Explain Herzberg’s views of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Contemporary Theories of Motivation Describe the three needs McClelland proposed as being present in work settings. Explain how goal-setting and reinforcement theories explain employee motivation. Describe the job characteristics model as a way to design motivating jobs. Discuss the motivation implications of equity theory. Contrast distributive justice and procedural justice. Explain the three key linkages in expectancy theory and their role in motivation. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Current Issues in Motivation Describe the cross-cultural challenges of motivation. Discuss the challenges managers face in motivating unique groups of workers. Describe open-book management and employee recognition, pay-for-performance, and stock option programs. What Is Motivation? Motivation The processes that account for an individual’s willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. Effort: a measure of intensity or drive. Direction: toward organizational goals Need: personalized reason to exert effort Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals. The Motivation Process What Is Motivation? Need An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. An unsatisfied need