[理学]07Chapter21 Electirc Potential.pptVIP

Plots of both E and V as a function of r are shown on next slide. I II I II Example: Calculating potential V of spherical shell for region 1, 2, and 3. 2 1 3 + = 1 2 3 1 2 3 Region 1: Region 2: Region 3: Solution: 无限带电体电势 0 点不宜选无穷远! Example: Calculate potential distribution for infinitely long rod with charges ?.电直线线电荷密度为 ? ，求电势分布。 Solution: 选无穷远为电势 0 点 The electric field of rod is Let V=0 for 无意义 对无限带电体电势 0点不宜选无穷远点，也不选在导体上。 we assume B as the reference point, P点在B点左侧. 电势零点位置不同，Vp 也不同，反映了电势的相对性。 P点在B点右侧. 空间电势相等的点连接起来所形成的面称为等势面. 为了描述空间电势的分布，规定任意两相邻等势面间的电势差相等. The electric potential can be represented graphically by drawing equipotential lines or, in three dimension, equipotential surfaces. It is one on which all points are at the same potential. 21-5. Equipotential Surfaces 等势面(P511-512) 点电荷等势面 1. Equipotential lines 2. Features of equipotential surface 在静电场中，电荷沿等势面移动时，电场力做功为零. The potential difference between any two points on the surface is zero, and no work is required to move a charge from one point to the other. 在静电场中，电场强度 总是与等势面垂直的，即电场线是和等势面正交的曲线簇. An equipotential surface must be perpendicular to the electric field at any point. * 第八章静电场 Chapter 21 potential * Chapter 21 Electric Potential 1. Electric Potential and Potential Difference 2. Relation Between Electric Potential and Electric Field 3. The Calculation of Electric Potential 4. Equipotential Surfaces 5. Electrostatic Potential Energy New words and Expressions electric potential 电势 potential difference 电势差,电压 circulation theorem 环路定理 electric potential energy 电势能 equipotential surfaces 等势面 electric potential gradient 电势梯度 To study the electric field from the W, we introduce V (electric potential). 21-121-8 Electric Potential and Potential Difference (p503-505, p515) 1. Features