坡面型土石流之地形特徵与判别方法-中华水土保持学会.PDF

中華水土保持學報, 46(3): 133-141 (2015) 133 Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 46 (3): 133-141 (2015) 坡面型土石流之地形特徵與判別方法 * 陳天健 王振宇 陳柏龍 摘 要 台灣山區聚落多坐落於小坑溝出口或鄰近邊坡之階地，此為坡面型土石流好發之地形，近年多處山 區聚落受坡面型土石流襲擊，造成民眾嚴重傷亡。然此種土石流的地形與產狀卻仍未明確，故本文以高屏溪 流域內 113 處土石流為研究對象，探討坡面型土石流之地形特徵與產狀，歸納 12 項特徵作為坡面型土石流之 辨識指標。本文亦提出溪流型與坡面型土石流之判別模式，且以集集地震後案例檢核後成果優良，此模式可 提供土石流風險評估時地形區分之參酌。 關鍵詞：坡面型土石流、地形特徵、判別模式。 Geomorphological Nature and Identification of Hillslope Debris Flow * Tien-Chien Chen Zhen-Yu Wang Bo-Long Chen ABSTRACT Hillslope debris flow (HDF) attacks frequently to residents living on the boundary of the plains and terrace near the slope during heavy rainfall events. Knowledge of hillslope debris flow is necessary for disaster prevention. Debris flow events in Typhoon Morakot were studied in this paper. A total of 113 hillslope debris flow torrents, 44 hillslope debris flows and 69 stream type debris flows were investigated according to the unique occur- rences and topographic characteristics. Twelve types are proposed to classify the torrents of hillslope debris flow from the stream type debris flows. Finally, a topographic classification model to recognize the hillslope and stream type debris flow torrent is also presented. The model was verified by 75 events from Chi-Chi earthquake with a 92% accuracy ratio. Key Words : Hillslope debris flow, nature, distinguish model. 一、前 言 二、坡面型土石流特性分析 台灣位於歐亞板塊與菲律賓板塊匯聚地帶造山運動活 躍，在地震頻繁且地質狀況破碎下，每年梅雨季及颱風豪雨期 1. 坡面型土