超声波倒车系统设计.doc

前言 摘要：近年来，随着汽车产业的迅速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，我国的汽车数量正逐年增加。同时汽车驾驶人员中非职业汽车驾驶人员的比例也逐年增加。在公路、街道、停车场、车库等拥挤、狭窄的地方倒车时，驾驶员既要前瞻，又要后顾，稍微不小心就会发生追尾事故。据相关调查统计，15％的汽车碰撞事故是因倒车时汽车的后视能力不良造成的。因此。增加汽车的后视能力，研制汽车后部探测障碍物的倒车雷达便成为近些年来的研究热点。安全避免障碍物的前提是快速、准确地测量障碍物与汽车之间的距离。为此，设计了以单片机为核心，利用超声波实现无接触测距的倒车雷达系统。 超声波一般指频率在20 kHz以上的机械波，具有穿透性强，衰减小，反射能力强等特点。工作时，超声波发射器不断发射出一系列连续脉冲，给测量逻辑电路提供一个短脉冲。最后由信号处理装置对接收的信号依据时间差进行处理，自动计算出车与障碍物之间的距离。超声波测距原理简单，成本低，制作方便，但其传输速度受天气影响较大，不能精确测距；另外，超声波能量与距离的平方成正比衰减，因此，距离越远，灵敏度越低，从而使超声波测距方式只适用于较短距离。目前，国内外一般的超声波测距仪，其理想的测量距离为4～5 m，因此大都用于汽车倒车雷达等近距离测距中本文根据声波在空气中传播反射原理，以超声波换能器为接口部件，介绍了基于AT8952单片机的超声波测距器。该设计由超声波发射模块、信号接收模块、单片机处理模块、显示以及声光告警显示模块等部分组成，文中详细介绍了测距器的硬件组成、检测原理、方法以及软件结构。超声波发射模块中采用555定时器构成的时基电路，接收电路使用设计出能够成功对40kHz超声波检波的硬件电路，并且增益可调，与传统超声波检波电路相比，电路变得精简，调试变得相对容易。测距器使用显示目标物的距离。Abstract：In recent years, with the rapid development of automobile industry and the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, Chinas number of cars is increasing every year. Driving in Central Africa at the same time professional staff of the proportion of car drivers is also increasing year by year. Highways, streets, parking, garage and other crowded places narrow reverse, the driver should not only forward but also looking back, a little rear-end careless accidents can occur. According to related statistics, 15% of motor vehicle collisions when the vehicle is reversing, as the capacity of the latter caused by bad.So after the increase of motor vehicles as the ability to detect obstacles on the development of the rear of the car reversing radar has become the research hotspot in recent years. Security to avoid obstacles on the premise that the rapid and accurate measurement of obstructions and the distance between motor vehicles. To this end, the design of a single-chip microcomputer as the core, the use of ultrasonic ranging to achieve non-contact reversing radar system. Generally refers to ultrasonic frequencies above 20 kHz mechanical waves, with penetrating, and attenuation of small, reflecting the