基于单片机的电锅炉控制器的设计论文.doc

摘 要 电热水锅炉是将电能转化为热能的能量转换装置，具有结构简单、无污染和自动化程度高等优点，近年来已成为供热采暖的主要设备。本课题主要研究的是电热水锅炉控制器的设计问题。针对于电热水锅炉，由于它是一个具有非线性、时变、大迟延、大惯性和升温单向性的系统，用数学方法建立精确的数学模型显然十分困难，因而用传统的控制理论和方法对本系统实施控制有其局限性，而智能控制正是吸收了人们的生活经验、逻辑推理规则和记忆学习的优点，在工程实际中已经取得了很多价值性的成果。本文分析了PID控制算法，经过综合考虑，并鉴于程序编写简单的需要，最终选择了简单易行的位式控制算法，而对于液位控制，需要实现过高过低水位报警和状态指示，因此选用简单易行的电接点液位传感器。 在研究电锅炉控制算法的同时，本文还选用了STC89C51单片机,设计了锅炉温度和水位控制的硬件电路，包括传感器电路、继电器控制电路、温度和水位显示电路、键盘输入电路以及水位报警电路,其中传感器分别选用了DS18B20温度传感器和电接点液位传感器，由于电接点液位传感器属于输出开关信号的位式传感器，省去了A/D转换电路;控制电路就是通过继电器来控制电磁阀和加热器，进而控制水位和温度。基于硬件电路，又编写了C语言程序，并通过KeilC51和Protues软件联调，进行了仿真调试，获得较为理想的效果。 关键词：电锅炉；智能控制；控制算法；STC89C51单片机；DS18B20 Abstract Electric boiler is the device that convert electricity into heat, it has the advantages of simple structure, no pollution and has high?automatically?degree, which has become the main equipment for heating. The major research direction is the design of electric boiler. For the electric boiler, because it is a nonlinear, time-varying, long time-delayed, large inertia and unidirectional rising system, it is very difficult to use mathematical method to establish mathematical model and to control this system by using the classical control theory and method. Intelligent control has produced something valuable in engineering practice, because it brings in the good things such as the experience, logical reasoning and memory from people. This article analyses PID control algorithm，after comprehensive consideration and given the need of simple procedure, we ultimately choose positional control algorithm, and for the level control, because it need enable alerting and status display, we choose the electric contact water level sensor. At the same time, we choose the STC89C51 SCM, and design the hardware circuit of temperature and water level control of electric boiler, which includes the sensor circuit, the relay control circuit, temperature and water level display circuit, keyboard circuit, water level alarm circuit. We choose DS18B20 temperature sensor and the electric