Australia(讲稿).pptVIP

Part 1 Land and People 40．“Assimilation ” was founded on the belief that the white culture was the progressive and superior whereas the Dreamtime was only a form of superstition：同化政策是基于这样一种认识上的，即白人文化是进步的、高级的，而梦刨文化只是一种迷信。 42．There was a major contradiction underlying the official relationship of “Assimilation”. Whilst it officially meant that both peoples would become as one, with the Aboriginal people merging into the larger Australian society, in practice, assimilation was accompanied by segregation：在官方的所谓同化政策中存在着根本性的矛盾。它表面上是要两个民族融合成为一个民族，使原住民融入澳大利亚社会，但实际上，融合政策永远是与种族隔离政策相伴而行的。 43．The double loss, of traditional culture and exclusion from mainstream Australian society and culture, led to Aboriginal people being labeled as lazy, stupid and drunken and dirty. This combination of exclusionary practices and cultural prejudices paralleled the systems of apartheid practiced in the United States and South Africa： 这种失去传统文化并被拒之于澳大利亚主流社会之外的双重损失，导致原住民被认为是懒惰成性、愚钝不堪、酗酒和肮脏的。这种隔离和文化偏见相结合的作法与当时美国和南非的种族隔离制度是相类似的。 Part 2 Australian History (I)Australia to Federation Protestantism：新教教义。新教是指公元16世纪从罗马天主教中分离出来的基督教教派，与天主教、东正教并称为基督教三大教派。16世纪初，欧洲新兴城市市民阶级反对封建主义，掀起宗教改革，在西欧、中欧一些国家出现许多脱离天主教的基督教派，总称为新教。后文中提到的Anglicanism和Calvinism都属新教。 4．The central concept of Protestantism contrasts with the basic principle of the Dreaming. For Protestants, individual people own and are obliged to use and exploit the land for the greater glory of their God：新教的主要教义与梦创信仰中的根本原则是相对的。新教徒认为，个人不仅拥有土地，而且应该使用并充分利用土地为上帝赢得荣耀。 5．1iberal，democratic capitalism：自由民主的资本主义，强调自由经营，自由平等的竞争。 6．Max Weber described these two sets of culture, Protestantism and Capitalism as having an “elective affinity”：韦伯描述说新教和资本主义这两种文化间存在选择倾向性契合。Max Weber(1864一1920)韦伯，德国社会学家、政治经济学家，现代社会学奠基人之一，对社会学理论有很大影响，著有《基督教新教伦理和资本主义精神》等著作。 7．The Protestant Ethic：(基督教)新教伦理，强调遵纪守法、勤奋工作、节俭生活、自我约束等，被认为是资本主义意识形态的道德准则。 10. The Church of England, i.e. Anglicanism, was also the religion of the majority of the convicts and the free settlers： 基督教圣公会也是当时(被送到澳大利亚的)