英语国家概况精讲系列Chapter612.doc

Chapter?6?第六章 The?Economy?英国经济 I.?The?Evolution?of?the?British?Economy?since?the?War The?evolution?of?the?British?economy?since?WWII?falls?into?three?periods:二战后英国经济发展可分为三个阶段：(1)?Steady?development?in?the?50s?and?60s:?The?British?economy?in?this?period?is?characterized?by?slow?but?steady?growth,?low?unemployment?and?great?material?prosperity?with?rising?standards?of?consumption.（1）战后50-60年代平稳发展时期。其主要特点是经济缓慢而持续增长，失业率低，物质丰富，人民消费水平不断增长。(2)?Economic?recession?in?the?70s:?In?the?1970s?among?the?developed?countries,?Britain?maintained?the?lowest?growth?rate?and?the?highest?inflation?rate,?and?the?high?record?of?trade?deficits.?（2）70年代经济滞胀。在70年代，英国在所有的发达资本主义国家中，始终保持最低经济增长率，最高的通货膨胀率，和最高的贸易赤字纪录。(3)?Economic?recovery?in?the?80s:?An?outstanding?feature?of?the?economic?recovery?in?the?80s?was?its?length,?lasting?seven?years.?Another?was?the?improved?financial?position?of?the?government,?with?stronger?current?account?of?the?balance?of?payments.（3）80年代经济复苏。一个显著特点是时间长，复苏持续了7年。另一个特点是国际收支大大盈余，政府金融地位最高。Measures?taken?by?Mrs.?Thatchers?government?to?improve?the?economyMrs.?Thatchers?government?took?numerous?measures?to?improve?the?efficiency?of?the?economy?during?the?past?decade,?using?both?macroeconomic?and?microeconomic?policies.撒切尔政府运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取许多措施提高经济效益。(1)?Macroeconomic?measures?were?directed?towards?bringing?down?the?rate?of?inflation?and?achieving?price?stability.宏观经济政策直接针对降低通货膨胀率和维持物价稳定。(2)?Microeconomic?policies?were?aimed?at?working?with?the?grain?of?market?forces?by?encouraging?enterprise,?efficiency?and?flexibility.微观经济政策旨在通过鼓励实业，效率和灵活性共同努力提高市场竞争力。Reasons?for?the?British?coal?mining?is?called?a?“sick”?industry?today.? Reasons?for?the?British?coal?mining?is?called?a?“sick”?industry?today.英国煤矿被称为“生病”工业的原因。Today?the?coal?industry?in?Britain?is?on?the?decline，the?number?of?miners,?collieries?and?the?total?output?have?been?falling.如今的英国煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工、煤矿的数量和总产量都大大下降。The?reasons?for?the?decline?are?as?follows:?exhaustion?of?old?mines,?costly?operations?of?