20世纪语言学理论经历了三次转向.ppt

First language acquisition Language was a creative act of the individual and that humans had an innate capacity for language,which by no means endowed by culture. -----Von Humboldt The individual’s potential for language is universal. ------Chomsky First language acquisition Individual’s potential for acquiring any language Competence (Chomsky) Irrelevant to cultural differences ,nor race differences A spontaneous process From babyhood First Language Acquisition (FLA)：first Language acquisition refers to children’s development of their first language, that is, the native language of the community in which a child has been brought up (naturally and successfully). Stages of first language acquisition In general, children begin uttering their first words sometimes during the second year of life. During the following 4 to 5 years, linguistic development occurs quite rapidly. ① the prelinguistic stage (babbling age) 3 months: /k/, /u/ 3-4 months: babbling speech like sounds 6 months: able to sit up; produce a number of different vowels and consonants (meaningless), deaf baby, baby born of non-speaking deaf parents also babble ② the one-word stage ? holophrastic sentences 2 year-old: use one word to serve a naming function, to refer to familiar people, toys, pets, drinks and objects in the child’s environment, indicate certain actions and demands, or convey emotions. Simple nouns and verbs Very few functional words such as prep., art., and aux. verbs Choose the most informative word that applies to the situation being commented upon Overextension (underextension of reference): use the same word for things that have a similar appearance ③ the multiword stage 2-3 year-old: the salient feature of the utterances at this stage ceases to be the number of words, but the variation in strings of lexical morphemes (telegraphic speech) Lacking grammatical morphemes, but following the prin