Air Pollution ControlAir Pollution Control[空气污染ControlAir污染控制](PPT-42).pptVIP

Air Pollution Control Air Pollution Control – Part DControl of Gaseous Pollutants – Basic Principles Yaacov Mamane Visiting Scientist, CNR Rome, Italy The most commonly used absorption equipment includes spray towers, packed columns, spray chambers, and venturi scrubbers. In spray dryer absorbers, acidic flue gases are contacted with fine alkaline droplets, to form solid salts removed by filters/ESP. The heat of the flue evaporates the droplet. Spray dryers are used in utility boilers and MSW. Most FGD operates with either Ca(OH)2 or NaOH. One Mole of Ca(OH)2 - 74 gram - reacts with one Mole of SO2 – 64 gram. The simple reaction is given by: The sulfite/ or sulfate formed is used in cement plants as additive, or in other processes such as production of gypsum wall plates. Ca(OH)2 + SO2 → CaSO3 ? + ? H2O + ? H2O Ca(OH)2 + SO3 + H2O → CaSO3 ? + 2 H2O CaSO3 + ?O2→ CaSO4 2NaOH + ? O2 + SO2 Na2 SO4 +H2O 70 - 150 Capital costs (US$/kW) New Plant Cost Factor For 440 MW power plant FGD cost is around 440,000kW*110 $/kW = 48.4 million $ The suitability of gas absorption as a pollution control method is generally dependent on the following factors: Availability of suitable solvent; Required removal efficiency; Pollutant concentration in the inlet vapor; Capacity required for handling waste gas; and, Recovery value of the pollutants or the disposal cost of the unrecoverable solvent. Packed-bed scrubbers are typically used in the chemical, aluminum, coke and ferroalloy, food and agriculture, and chromium electroplating industries. These scrubbers have had limited use as part of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, but the scrubbing solution flow rate must be carefully controlled to avoid flooding. When absorption is used for VOC control, packed towers are usually more cost effective than impingement plate towers. However, in certain cases, the impingement plate design is preferred over packed-tower columns when either internal cooling is