全套英文版《计算机网络》PPT电子课件教案-Chapter 2 Application Layer参考.ppt

Chapter 2: Application Layer Chapter goals: conceptual + implementation aspects of network application protocols client server paradigm service models learn about protocols by examining popular application-level protocols More chapter goals specific protocols: http ftp smtp pop dns programming network applications socket programming Applications and application-layer protocols Application: communicating, distributed processes running in network hosts in “user space” exchange messages to implement app e.g., email, file transfer, the Web Application-layer protocols one “piece” of an app define messages exchanged by apps and actions taken user services provided by lower layer protocols Network applications: some jargon A process is a program that is running within a host. Within the same host, two processes communicate with interprocess communication defined by the OS. Processes running in different hosts communicate with an application-layer protocol A user agent is an interface between the user and the network application. Web:browser E-mail: mail reader streaming audio/video: media player Client-server paradigm Typical network app has two pieces: client and server Application-layer protocols (cont). API: application programming interface defines interface between application and transport layer socket: Internet API two processes communicate by sending data into socket, reading data out of socket Q: how does a process “identify” the other process with which it wants to communicate? IP address of host running other process “port number” - allows receiving host to determine to which local process the message should be delivered What transport service does an app need? Data loss some apps (e.g., audio) can tolerate some loss other apps (e.g., file transfer, telnet) require 100% reliable data transfer Timing some apps (e.g., Internet telephony, interactive games) require low delay to be “effective” Transport service requirements of common apps Services provided