特种设备安全管理模式探讨1.docVIP

摘要 特种设备（Special equipment ）指的锅炉、压力容器（含气瓶，下同）、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施和场（厂）内专用机动车辆等八大类设备。特种设备是经济发展的重要基础设备，随着我国的工业化进程不断加快，特种设备的数量急剧上升，特种设备对国民经济和社会发展的支撑作用将日益明显。特种设备造福于人类，但是具有使用过程中容易发生事故的特点，如果监管不善也会带来灾难。 为了确保特种设备的安全运行，我国从建国初就开始探索建立了一套中国逐步形成了一套以行政监察为主导的适合中国国情的基本制度。 随着改革开放的深入，现有的管理模式己经难以完全适应经济发展和改革的需要，为适应市场经济体制和国际形势以及WTO 规则的要求，必须尽快转变机制，由传统监管模式向现代监管模式转向。 为了研究经济转型期间特种设备的安全管理模式，本课题研究在公共管理学理论的基础上，研究了工业发达国家（地区）的特种设备管理模式，总结了其经验，结合实际剖析了我国现行特种设备管理中存在的问题，分析了产生的原因，提出了改进和完善我国特种设备安全管理模式的对策。 关键词：特种设备，安全管理，模式 ABSTRACT The special equipment refers to boiler, pressure vessel ( including air bottle ) , pressure piping , elevator , hoisting machinery , passenger transportation rope way , large -scale amusement facility and field ( factory ) in special -purpose motor vehicle and 50 on eight kind of equipment . The special equipment is important basis equipment in the economic development . Speeding up unceasingly along with our country ’s industrialization advancement , special equipment’s quantity rises suddenly and special equipment’s support function to national economy and social development day by day is obvious . The special equipment benefits the humanity , but easy to arise accident in the use process , if it was supervised badly , it Will also bring the disaster . In order to guarantee that special equipment’s safe operation , started from the founding of the nation at the beginning , our country explored and built up a set of the basic system suiting for the Chinese national condition gradually taking the administrative supervision as the leadership . Along with reform and open policy ’s thorough , the existing management pattern is already difficult to adapt the economic development and the reforming need . To adapt the market economy system and the international situation as well as the WTO rule request , it must transform the mechanism as soon as possible , changes from the traditional supervision pattern to the modern supervision pattern . In order to study special equipmen